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\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\uff08Adam Smith, 1723-1790\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u514b\u79d1\u5e95\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u62c5\u4efb\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4f11\u8c1f\uff0c\u7ed3\u4e0b\u6df1\u539a\u5b66\u672f\u53cb\u8c0a\u30021759\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u8bba\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff1b1776\u5e74\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u6bd5\u751f\u5fc3\u8840\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u5960\u5b9a\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u65af\u5bc6\u4e4b\u540d\u6c38\u5782\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53f2\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8015\u79cd\u548c\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5148\u4e8e\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\u54c1\u548c\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65af\u5bc6\u5bf9\u5784\u65ad\u52bf\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u5546\u4eba\u9636\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6e38\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u6388\u4e88\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u884c\u4e1a\u51c6\u5165\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u603b\u4f53\u798f\u5229\u3002\u65af\u5bc6\u8f9b\u8fa3\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u2018\u4ea4\u8c0a\u2019\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u5171\u8c0b\u62ac\u9ad8\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u5bdf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6839\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u80cc\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u77eb\u6b63\u5916\u90e8\u6027\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u65af\u5bc6\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5784\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ef7\u683c\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u673a\u5236\u81ea\u53d1\u8c03\u8282\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u6709\u9650\u653f\u5e9c\u89c2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

\u63a9\u5377\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u4e3a\u65af\u5bc6\u4e24\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u6240\u6298\u670d\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u5168\u7403\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6280\u672f\u91cd\u6784\u5206\u5de5\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u8bfb\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8bf8\u591a\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u65af\u5bc6\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u201c\u94b1\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u5370\u949e\u5806\u79ef\u51fa\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u56e0\u6b64\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bcc\u5f3a\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u7545\u901a\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5750\u62e5\u91d1\u5c71\u94f6\u5c71\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6c99\u6ee9\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u53a6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u201c\u552fGDP\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u662f\u4e00\u5242\u6e05\u9192\u5242\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5806\u780c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u7684\u57f9\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u65af\u5bc6\u5728\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5173\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u5ffd\u89c6\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5de5\u8d44\u8fc7\u4f4e\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u9762\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u65e2\u635f\u5bb3\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u6291\u5236\u6709\u6548\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5236\u7ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u201c\u6d93\u6ef4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u5931\u6548\u3001\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u6269\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u5c24\u5177\u8b66\u793a\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u82e5\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u7ec8\u5c06\u52a8\u6447\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u65af\u5bc6\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u63d0\u70bc\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u8b66\u9192\u4e16\u4eba\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u65e2\u4e0d\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u6743\u8d35\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fce\u5408\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u79c9\u7b14\u76f4\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u6781\u5316\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u663e\u73cd\u8d35\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5112\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n

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\n

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