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\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | 2026-06-15 07:23 | \ud83c\udf10 web\u515c\u5e95<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u8ba9-\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7279\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre, 1905-1980\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u4e0e\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5e7c\u5e74\u4e27\u7236\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u7956\u7236\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b64\u72ec\u800c\u654f\u611f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5e95\u8272\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u8c03\u3002\u8428\u7279\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u6c42\u5b66\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e0e\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u540e\u5c06\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u72ec\u5177\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u7cbe\u534e\u6458\u5f55<\/h2>\n
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\u201c\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9884\u5148\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66<\/h3>\n

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\u5728\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08l’\u00eatre-en-soi\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08l’\u00eatre-pour-soi\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5982\u77f3\u5934\u3001\u6811\u6728\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3001\u9971\u6ee1\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5373\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u573a\u57df\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u201c\u5176\u6240\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u6240\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u56fa\u5b9a\u672c\u8d28\u6240\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4fbf\u8eab\u5904\u6700\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u9000\u5165\u5185\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5c42\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u5e26\u6765\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u540e\u679c\u3002\u8428\u7279\u575a\u6301\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u5728\u76d1\u72f1\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u538b\u8feb\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u56de\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5185\u5728\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u6700\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u7980\u8d4b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u6700\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u627f\u62c5\u7edd\u5bf9\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u501f\u53e3\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u8131\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/h3>\n

\u8428\u7279\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e4b\u5728\u201d\uff08l’\u00eatre-pour-autrui\uff09<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u6ce8\u89c6\u201d\uff08le regard\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eba\u6ce8\u89c6\u6211\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u3001\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u88ab\u8d2c\u6291\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8428\u7279\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u201c\u60b2\u89c2\u201d\u5e95\u8272\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u5c06\u6211\u51dd\u56fa\u4e3a\u201c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6ce8\u89c6\u201d\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5171\u5728\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5f20\u529b\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u2014\u2014\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u60b2\u5267\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8c03\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u8bc1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8428\u7279\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5f20\u529b\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

\u63a9\u5377\u6c89\u601d\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u5982\u4e00\u9762\u51b7\u5cfb\u7684\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u6620\u7167\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5904\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u671f\u5f85\u7ed1\u67b6\uff0c\u88ab\u7b97\u6cd5\u56da\u7981\uff0c\u88ab\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u88f9\u631f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u5916\u5728\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u56fa\u7136\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ece\u672a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u4ee4\u4eba\u7a92\u606f\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u627f\u62c5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u532e\u4e4f\u3002<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u5b81\u613f\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u63a8\u5378\u7ed9\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u539f\u751f\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9003\u907f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u89c2\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u89c2\u5c24\u5177\u53cd\u601d\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u8fc1\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u591a\u5143\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u4eab\u6709\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7126\u8651\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u9003\u907f\u9009\u62e9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u6d88\u521b\u9020\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u516d\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

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