{"id":4487,"date":"2026-06-15T02:10:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T18:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=4487"},"modified":"2026-06-15T02:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T18:10:11","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e3%80%8a%e8%83%a1%e5%a1%9e%e5%b0%94%e6%96%87%e9%9b%86%e3%80%8b%e3%80%8b%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=4487","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n
\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | 2026-06-15 02:10 | \ud83c\udf10 web\u515c\u5e95<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n
\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\uff08Edmund Husserl, 1859-1938\uff09\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u666e\u7f57\u65af\u7ef4\u8328\uff08\u4eca\u5c5e\u6377\u514b\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u5e08\u4ece\u5e03\u4f26\u5854\u8bfa\uff08Franz Brentano\uff09\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u5176\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e4b\u771f\u4f20\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u53d7\u6559\u4e8e\u65bd\u901a\u666e\u592b\uff08Carl Stumpf\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\uff08\u63cf\u8ff0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ea61891-1900\uff09\u4ee5\u300a\u7b97\u672f\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bfb\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u4e2d\u671f\uff08\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ea61901-1913\uff09\u4ee5\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e24\u5377\u672c\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u63cf\u8ff0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5411\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u665a\u671f\uff08\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ea61913-1938\uff09\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u5176\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7531\u6211\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u502a\u6881\u5eb7\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fb7\u6587\u7248\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff08Husserliana\uff09\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bd1\u4ecb\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6587\u96c6\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u300a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\u300a\u5171\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\u300a\u5185\u65f6\u95f4\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u901a\u5411\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u6df1\u9083\u601d\u60f3\u6bbf\u5802\u7684\u95e8\u6249\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6000\u5728\u4e8e\u8ffd\u95ee\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5e76\u4e0d\u6025\u4e8e\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fbe\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9996\u5148\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u8def\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f<\/strong>\uff08ph\u00e4nomenologische Reduktion\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u60ac\u6401\u201d\uff08Epoch\u00e9\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u5173\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fd4\u56de\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u4ee5\u51cc\u5389\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u76db\u884c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u79cd\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u81ea\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5f7b\u5e95\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002<\/p>\n

1906-1907\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u6298\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u60ac\u6401\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u60ac\u7f6e\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5f97\u4ee5\u62b5\u8fbe\u90a3\u65e0\u53ef\u6000\u7591\u7684\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7686\u7531\u6b64\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u521d\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong>\u662f\u5176\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u4ed6\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u5e03\u4f26\u5854\u8bfa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u610f\u8bc6\u603b\u662f\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u201d\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e00\u610f\u8bc6\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u6784\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u975e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5355\u5411\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u665a\u671f\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u5176\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\uff08Lebenswelt\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u5411\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u539f\u521d\u610f\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5b83\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u4e0e\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u540e\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7cbe\u534e\u6458\u5f55<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    \u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u7acb\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u7136\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bbe\u5b9a\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u60ac\u6401\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u8270\u8f9b\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u901a\u5411\u90a3\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4ece\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u521d\u9886\u57df\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    \u201c\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    \u201c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5076\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    \u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u5316\u7ea6\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u9886\u57df\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    \u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5730\u57fa\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u521d\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    \u201c\u60ac\u6401\u4e0d\u662f\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u52c7\u6c14\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u60ac\u7f6e\u4e00\u5207\u65e2\u5b9a\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ba9\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u5982\u5176\u6240\u662f\u5730\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n

    \u56db\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

    \u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u60ac\u6401\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u2014\u2014\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9769\u547d<\/h3>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u60ac\u6401<\/strong>\uff08Epoch\u00e9\uff09\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f<\/strong>\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u4e24\u5343\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u81f4\u601d\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u4e3b\u5f20\u77e5\u8bc6\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u7269\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e3b\u5f20\u77e5\u8bc6\u6e90\u4e8e\u5929\u8d4b\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u7406\u6027\uff08\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e4b\u7269\u662f\u5df2\u7136\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u60ac\u6401\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u91dc\u5e95\u62bd\u85aa\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u5173\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u201c\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u65e2\u60ac\u6401\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u60ac\u6401\u4e00\u5207\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u518d\u8ffd\u95ee\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fbe\u5ba2\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e3b\u5ba2\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u5148\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u539f\u521d\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u610f\u5411\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u53ef\u6000\u7591\u7684\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7531\u6b64\u88ab\u6784\u6210\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53d1\u751f\u57df\u3002\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u5404\u95e8\u5177\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u5c42\u6df1\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u60ac\u6401\u548c\u5411\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u56de\u5f52\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u90e8\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5185\u65f6\u95f4\u610f\u8bc6<\/strong>\u3001\u524d\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6<\/strong>\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7684\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4ed6\u665a\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u9012\u8fdb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u65e2\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u8428\u7279\u3001\u6885\u6d1b-\u5e9e\u8482\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e3b\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5960\u57fa<\/h3>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5728\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\uff08Ideal\uff09\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\uff08Real\uff09\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u2014\u2014\u5982\u77db\u76fe\u5f8b\u3001\u6392\u4e2d\u5f8b\u3001\u5145\u8db3\u7406\u7531\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u2014\u2014\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3001\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\u7684\u3002\u5c06\u524d\u8005\u5316\u7ea6\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u201c\u4e60\u60ef\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u751f\u7269\u6216\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u5fc3\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u5c82\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1f<\/p>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef5\u5bc6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51cc\u5389\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e00\u9a73\u65a5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8c2c\u8bef\u5728\u4e8e\u8303\u7574\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff08category mistake\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u547d\u9898\u6df7\u6dc6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\uff08normative\uff09\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\uff08ideell\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u5404\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5219\u7814\u7a76\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5219\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u90a3\u5148\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u540e\u6765\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u9762\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5242\u6e05\u9192\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u6240\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6307\u6807\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5374\u6e10\u6e10\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u201c\u56de\u5230\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u201c\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u5b83\u201c\u5bf9\u6211\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6240\u6279\u5224\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ffb\u7248\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5306\u5306\u5fd9\u5fd9\u5730\u63a0\u8fc7\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5954\u5411\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u201c\u7528\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u9694\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u60ac\u6401\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u6682\u505c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u667a\u6167<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u65e0\u6570\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u65e0\u6570\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u6240\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u6301\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6e05\u660e\u3002\u5b66\u4f1a\u60ac\u6401\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u7eb7\u7e41\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u9762\u524d\u6682\u65f6\u4e2d\u6b62\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\u5730\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u6210\u5730\u6446\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3001\u6784\u6210\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7136\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u7684\u6211\u201d\u5e38\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f8\u8131\u8282\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u8428\u7279\u3001\u6885\u6d1b-\u5e9e\u8482\u7b49\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6279\u5224\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u590d\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ffd\u95ee\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u516d\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc3\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u547c\u5e94\u4e0e\u5f20\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc3\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd<\/h3>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u738b\u9633\u660e\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u3002\u9633\u660e\u66fe\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5fc3\u5916\u65e0\u7269\uff0c\u5fc3\u5916\u65e0\u7406\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e0e\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6709\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5916\u73b0\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba2\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u738b\u9633\u660e\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u81f4\u826f\u77e5\u201d\u201c\u77e5\u884c\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u517b\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\u800c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u5219\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u7684\u3001\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u60ac\u6401\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u3001\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u573a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e0e\u201c\u683c\u7269\u81f4\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd<\/h3>\n

    \u6731\u71b9\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u683c\u7269\u81f4\u77e5\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u4e00\u7a77\u7a76\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u800c\u8fbe\u81f4\u8c41\u7136\u8d2f\u901a\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u4ea6\u6709\u53ef\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u8131\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u4ec5\u51ed\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u8fa8\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u771f\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u5728\u201c\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u201d\u9762\u524d\u201c\u5982\u5176\u6240\u662f\u5730\u201d\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6731\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u683c\u7269\u201d\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u201c\u7406\u201d\u7684\u5148\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u53bb\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u90a3\u5df2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\uff1b\u800c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5219\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u201c\u6784\u6210\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5206\u6b67\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd<\/h3>\n

    \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4ea6\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff08ideale Gegenst\u00e4nde\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u79d1\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u800c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\u7684\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\u90fd\u5960\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u5e94\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u4e0e\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u6b63\u7115\u53d1\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e03\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n

    \u9605\u8bfb\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u53ea\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u5bf9\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u8bfb\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u540e\u7eed\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \u8fd1\u671f\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u4e00\u81f3\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u7cbe\u8bfb\u300a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u5730\u7814\u8bfb\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u628a\u63e1\u5148\u9a8c\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u7814\u8bfb\u502a\u6881\u5eb7\u6559\u6388\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u502a\u6881\u5eb7\u5148\u751f\u662f\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u901a\u91ca\u300b\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u539f\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u6574\u7406\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u60ac\u6401\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u610f\u5411\u6027\u3001\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5361\u7247\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e2d\u671f\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u4e09\u81f3\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u9605\u8bfb\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u300b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u4e0e\u62d3\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. \u9605\u8bfb\u8428\u7279\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u300b<\/strong>\uff1a\u8428\u7279\u5c06\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u865a\u65e0\u5316\u201d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n
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          \n
        1. \u9605\u8bfb\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u665a\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bba\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b64\u4e66\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n
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          \n

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