{"id":3337,"date":"2026-06-11T07:35:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T23:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=3337"},"modified":"2026-06-11T07:35:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T23:35:37","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e3%80%8a%e8%87%aa%e7%a7%81%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%88richard-dawkins%ef%bc%89-%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6-%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=3337","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09 \u2014 \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\/\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\/\u590d\u5236\u5668\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09 \u2014 \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\/\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\/\u590d\u5236\u5668\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n
\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | 2026-06-11 07:35 | \ud83e\udd16 LLM\u76f4\u751f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n
\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09\uff0c1941\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u5e08\u4ece\u8457\u540d\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u53ef\u00b7\u5ef7\u4f2f\u6839\uff08Nik Tinbergen\uff09\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u4e8e1976\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff0c\u5f7c\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u8fdb\u5316\u7efc\u5408\u8bba\uff08Modern Synthesis\uff09\u6210\u719f\u4e4b\u540e\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u9645\u3002\u5f7c\u65f6\u5b66\u754c\u867d\u5df2\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46”\u9009\u62e9\u7a76\u7adf\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7”\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u4ecd\u662f\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u80c6\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7b14\u89e6\uff0c\u5c06\u57fa\u56e0\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4f53\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u89c2\u5ff5\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u4e66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u601d\u60f3\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u79d1\u666e\u4e3a\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3a\u91cc\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u98a0\u8986\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6734\u7d20\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06”\u81ea\u79c1”\u4e0e”\u5229\u4ed6”\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u51b7\u5cfb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u81ea\u79f0”\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u578b”\uff08Extended Phenotype\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u5373\u4e3a\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u9500\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u56db\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u800c\u4e0d\u8870\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u4ee5”\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2”\uff08gene-centric view\uff09\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff08replicator\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5176\u6682\u65f6\u5bc4\u5c45\u7684”\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668”\uff08survival machine\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5168\u4e66\u4ece”\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\uff1f”\u8fd9\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u8ffd\u95ee\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u77f3\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u8981\u4e49\uff08\u5dee\u5f02\u7e41\u6b96\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f55\u4ee5”\u81ea\u79c1”\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c”\u81ea\u79c1”\u5e76\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u8f7d\u4f53\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/strong> \u4ed6\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff08replicator\uff09\u4e0e\u8f7d\u4f53\uff08vehicle\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u6f5c\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ec8\u5c06\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5375\u7ec6\u80de\u8de8\u8d8a\u4ee3\u9645\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/strong> \u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\uff08kin selection\uff09\u4e0e\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\uff08reciprocal altruism\uff09\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u6e90\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u975e\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u5728”\u672a\u6765\u56de\u62a5”\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong> \u9053\u91d1\u65af\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa”\u89c5\u6bcd”\uff08meme\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5168\u4e66\u4ee5\u5bf9”\u597d\u4eba\u7b56\u7565”\uff08nice strategy\uff09\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u6536\u5c3e\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u6df1\u523b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u79c1\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7edf\u4e00\uff1a\u6b63\u56e0\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7cbe\u534e\u6458\u5f55<\/h2>\n
\n

“\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u4f60\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u800c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e86\u4f60\u800c\u5185\u759a\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u9752\u7750\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u660e\u5730\u7b97\u8ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a’\u57fa\u56e0’\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u5375\u5b50\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ee3\u9645\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u5c55\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u884c\u4e3a\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c’\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9’\uff08Tit for Tat\uff09\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u65e2\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u76f8\u5e73\u884c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a’\u89c5\u6bcd’\uff08meme\uff09\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u773c\u524d\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u77ed\u89c6\u3002”<\/p>\n

“\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6b64\u523b\u751f\u547d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u591a\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u3001\u591a\u4e48\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5176\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u65e0\u58f0\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u7740\u4e00\u5207\u3002”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0e”\u81ea\u79c1”\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u542b\u4e49<\/h3>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u6700\u5177\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5f7b\u5e95\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5e76\u975e\u51ed\u7a7a\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u65e9\u57281962\u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\uff08George C. Williams\uff09\u5728\u300a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u300b\u4e2d\u5df2\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5c06\u5176\u4ee5\u6700\u5177\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5f20\u529b\u5728\u4e8e”\u81ea\u79c1”\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5766\u627f\uff0c”\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0”\u6781\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u5229\u5df1\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u968f\u5373\u6f84\u6e05\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684”\u81ea\u79c1”\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740”\u590d\u5236\u7684\u503e\u5411”\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u82e5\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u526f\u672c\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf”\u6210\u529f”\u4e86\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u82e5\u56e0\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf”\u5931\u8d25”\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u5730\uff0c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89e6\u53ca\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u8005\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f7f\u5229\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u4ee5\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u66f4\u66ff\u7387\u9ad8\uff09\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u548c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u867d\u4ecd\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u5982\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6770\u4f0a\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Stephen Jay Gould\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2\u5df2\u6df1\u523b\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u56fe\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5229\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u79c1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u7269<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4”\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684”\u662f\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd”\u5219\u662f\u5176\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c”\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0”\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6070\u6070\u5728\u6b64\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5730<\/strong>\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u501f\u52a9\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff08William D. Hamilton\uff09\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7279\u91cc\u5f17\u65af\uff08Robert Trivers\uff09\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e”Hamilton\u6cd5\u5219”\uff1a\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f $rB > C$\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5229\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u7cfb\u6570\uff08$r$\uff09\u4e0e\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff08$B$\uff09\u4e4b\u79ef\u5927\u4e8e\u5229\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff08$C$\uff09\u3002\u871c\u8702\u7684\u5de5\u8702\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u8eab\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u629a\u517b\u59d0\u59b9\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5de5\u8702\u4e0e\u8702\u540e\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u7cfb\u6570\u9ad8\u8fbe 0.5\uff08\u534a\u59d0\u59b9\u4e3a 0.25\uff09\uff0c\u5de5\u8702\u901a\u8fc7\u629a\u517b\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u5219\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6beb\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7”\u6211\u5e2e\u4f60\u3001\u4f60\u5e2e\u6211”\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u7adf\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u827e\u514b\u65af\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08Robert Axelrod\uff09\u7684”\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883”\u7ade\u8d5b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u2014\u2014”\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9”\uff08Tit for Tat\uff09\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u80dc\u51fa\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u957f\u5468\u671f\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

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\u6e05\u9192\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u62df\u4eba\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u60ef\u6027\u3002<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u7269\u79cd”\u4e3a\u4e86”\u7e41\u884d\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u52a8\u7269”\u4e3a\u4e86”\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u867d\u5bcc\u6709\u6587\u5b66\u610f\u8da3\uff0c\u5374\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u79cd\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u6df1\u6c89\u3001\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u7684\u656c\u754f\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c”\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cbe\u5de7”\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u5f02\u4e0e\u65e0\u60c5\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u6dec\u70bc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u96be\u4ee5\u56de\u907f\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u8ffd\u95ee\u3002<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u662f”\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0”\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u4e43\u81f3\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50b2\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u751f\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u53c8\u5c06\u5b89\u653e\u4f55\u5904\uff1f\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684”\u662f”\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684”\u5e94\u5f53”\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ece”\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684”\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa”\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e94\u5f53\u81ea\u79c1”\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e43\u81f3\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c”\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0”\u540e\u6765\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e43\u81f3\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b”\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bef\u8bfb\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u7684 prescription\uff1b\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u6df1\u5730\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u8eab\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff1a\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u667a\u8bc6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u2014\u2014\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f”\u6211”\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u9a71\u4f7f\u6211\u589e\u957f\u89c1\u8bc6\u3001\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1f\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5fae\u7b11\u7740\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u7531\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u7f51\u7f16\u7ec7\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e2d\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u6d3b\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u4e0e\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5230\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bba\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u3002<\/strong> \u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u590d\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6fc0\u7d20\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u624d\u5f71\u54cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u5230\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279\uff08Daniel Dennett\uff09\u66fe\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c5e\u4e8e”\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49”\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u5e76\u975e\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5112\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u8a00\uff1a”\u81f4\u77e5\u5728\u683c\u7269”\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u7a76\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u6070\u6070\u662f”\u683c\u7269\u81f4\u77e5”\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u4f53\u73b0\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u56fe\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/strong> \u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5bf9\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u548c”\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9”\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\u2014\u2014\u7406\u6027\u7b56\u7565\u8005\u5728\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6536\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u81ea\u79c1\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u9ad8\u5ea6\u543b\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e2d”\u516c\u7406\u5316-\u6f14\u7ece”\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5c40\u9650\uff1a\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7b56\u7565\u8005\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u597d\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e”\u65f6\u4e2d”\uff08\u56e0\u65f6\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7f3a\u61be\u2014\u2014\u751f\u547d\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u662f\u5199\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u6301\u7eed\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u5851\u9020\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/strong> \u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0e\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4eff\u4f5b\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5080\u5121\uff0c\u88ab\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4e4b\u624b\u7275\u5f15\u7740\u8d70\u5411\u6ce8\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6000\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3002\u8ba9-\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7279\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0”\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u4e8e\u672c\u8d28”\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u6765\u5230\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u8bf4”\u672c\u8d28\u5148\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728”\u2014\u2014\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ec8\u7ae0\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u53cd\u89c2\u81ea\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u64cd\u7eb5\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u57fa\u56e0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6”\u6210\u5df1”\u4e4b\u5b66\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\uff1a\u4eba\u867d\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5148\u5929\u7684\u6c14\u8d28\u4e0e\u540e\u5929\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u53cd\u7701\u6765”\u53d8\u5316\u6c14\u8d28”\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8a00”\u4e3a\u4ec1\u7531\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4eba\u4e4e\u54c9”\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u71a0\u71a0\u751f\u8f89\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e03\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n

\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u52a8\u65e8\u5728\u6df1\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u8bfb\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u540e\u7eed\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong> \u300a\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u578b\u300b\uff081982\uff09\u662f\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86”\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u578b”\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5176\u6240\u6539\u9020\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u76f2\u773c\u949f\u8868\u5320\u300b\uff081986\uff09\u4ee5\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u56de\u5e94\u4e86”\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bba\u8bc1”\uff08Design Argument\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86”\u770b\u4f3c\u8bbe\u8ba1”\u4e4b\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f55\u4ee5\u4ece\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u4e8c\u4e66\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7cbe\u8bfb\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/strong> \u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f1964\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff08”The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour”\uff09\u548c\u827e\u514b\u65af\u7f57\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u300b\uff08The Evolution of Cooperation\uff09\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u6240\u7b80\u5316\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5448\u73b0\uff1f\u7279\u91cc\u5f17\u65af\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u4ea6\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u7684\u590d\u5174\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u65af\u9686\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08David Sloan Wilson\uff09\u548cE.O. Wilson\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684”\u591a\u5c42\u9009\u62e9”\uff08Multilevel Selection\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6311\u6218\u3002\u827e\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08E.O. Wilson\uff09\u665a\u5e74\u8f6c\u5411\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u975e\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e89\u8bba\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fd1\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300aNature\u300b\u300aScience\u300b\u7b49\u671f\u520a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5c06\u57fa\u56e0\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/strong> \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06”\u590d\u5236\u5668-\u8f7d\u4f53”\u3001”\u81ea\u79c1\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c”\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6846\u67b6\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d”\u6ce8\u610f\u529b”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u590d\u5236\u7684”\u57fa\u56e0”\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6d8c\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d”\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad”\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6bcf\u6708\u64b0\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u91cd\u8bfb\u5e76\u53cd\u601d\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684”\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49”\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/strong> \u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u88ab\u9882\u626c\u7684”\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5229\u4ed6”\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4eb2\u7f18\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u6784\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u5229\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5229\u5df1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684”\u504f\u89c1”\u3002\u5982\u66fe\u5b50\u6240\u8a00”\u541b\u5b50\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5931\u4e4b\u8005\u9c9c\u77e3”\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u901a\u5411\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e66\u5377\u5c06\u5c3d\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u6c38\u6052\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86”\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0”\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5728\u8fd8\u539f\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8ffd\u95ee\u3002<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09 \u2014 \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\/\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\/\u590d\u5236\u5668\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0 \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3337"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3338,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions\/3338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}