{"id":3055,"date":"2026-06-10T03:03:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T19:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=3055"},"modified":"2026-06-10T03:03:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T19:03:59","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e3%80%8a%e8%87%aa%e7%a7%81%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%88richard-dawkins%ef%bc%89-%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6-%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=3055","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09\u2014 \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\/\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\/\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u6709\u540c\u540d\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u91cd\u8865\u5b8c\u6574\u7248\uff09\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | 2026-06-10 03:03 | \ud83e\udd16 LLM\u76f4\u751f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a[\u82f1] \u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09<\/strong>\n
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\u4e00\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff0c1941\u2014 \uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u8363\u4f11\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u5e08\u4ece\u8457\u540d\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u5ef7\u4f2f\u6839\uff08Nikolaas Tinbergen\uff09\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u4fee\u4e60\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4eb2\u7099\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u6839\u57fa\u6df1\u690d\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\uff08George C. Williams\uff09\u57281966\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u5c16\u9510\u6279\u8bc4\uff1b\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff08W. D. Hamilton\uff09\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u7a0b $rB > C$\uff1b\u7279\u91cc\u5f17\u65af\uff08Robert Trivers\uff09\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f4d\u517c\u5177\u6df1\u539a\u5b66\u672f\u7d20\u517b\u4e0e\u975e\u51e1\u4fee\u8f9e\u624d\u534e\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u627f\u7ee7\u5e76\u5149\u5927\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u57fa\u56e0\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u4f5c\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u201c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06’\u57fa\u56e0’\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u90e8\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u70ed\u60c5\u4ea4\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u4f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5c06\u89c6\u91ce\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u63a8\u5c55\u81f3\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u56e0\uff08meme\uff09<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5668\u3002\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u65cb\u5f8b\u3001\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u3001\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u6a21\u56e0\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7cbe\u534e\u6458\u5f55<\/h2>\n
\n

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\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u56e0\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u6cd5\u5219\u2014\u2014$rB > C$\u2014\u2014\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5229\u4ed6\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7C\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u4e8e\u88ab\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u76caB\u4e0e\u4e8c\u8005\u4eb2\u7f18\u7cfb\u6570r\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u79cd’\u597d’\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u6c38\u4e0d\u6b62\u606f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

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\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8ffd\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u771f\u7684\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6dd8\u6c70\u201d\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u590d\u5236\u5668\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u6070\u597d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5b83\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4ee3\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9776\u6807\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u592a\u8fc7\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u592a\u8fc7\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u65e2\u8db3\u591f\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u4ea7\u4ee5\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u5411\u4e0b\uff08downward causation\uff09\u548c\u5411\u4e0a\uff08upward causation\uff09\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f52\u6839\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u2014\u2014\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7c97\u66b4\u7b80\u5316\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u201d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u65e6\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4fbf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u5904\u5883\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7126\u8651\u4fbf\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50b2\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u5d07\u9ad8\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u590d\u5236\u5b50\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7f16\u7ec7\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ffd\u95ee\u5728\u4e66\u672b\u88ab\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u672c\u4eba\u6b63\u9762\u89e6\u53ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9519\u89c9\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u5ba3\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u51b7\u9177\u903b\u8f91\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8574\u7684\u7ffb\u8f6c<\/h3>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u4e2d\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7231\u4e0e\u727a\u7272\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6700\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8def\u5f84\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4eb2\u7f18\u5229\u4ed6\u6e90\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u526f\u672c\u7684\u201c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4fdd\u62a4\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7e41\u6b96\u76f4\u63a5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5979\u81ea\u8eab\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u590d\u5236\u9891\u7387\u3002\u4e92\u60e0\u5229\u4ed6\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u201c\u8bb0\u5206\u724c\u201d\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u8fa8\u8ba4\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8c01\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u8c01\u6b3a\u9a97\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u955c\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4efb\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u201c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u7cfb\u957f\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f20\u529b\uff1a\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7528\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6f14\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6f14\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e89\u8bba\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u8ffd\u95ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8c2c\u8bef\u201d\uff08 naturalistic fallacy\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u9053\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f7b\u6613\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u4f46\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5229\u4ed6\u60c5\u611f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6253\u78e8\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u629b\u5f03\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u672c\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8d2c\u4f4e\u5229\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\uff08\u975e\u89c4\u8303\u6027\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

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\n

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\u4ece\u5112\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/strong>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u7981\u4ee4\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\u8a00\u201c\u5929\u547d\u4e4b\u8c13\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u3001\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0e\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7b14\u4e0b\u7531\u6f14\u5316\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u4f3c\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u5112\u5bb6\u66f4\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u7387\u6027\u4e4b\u8c13\u9053\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u4e4b\u8c13\u6559\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u987a\u4ece\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u517b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u6765\u4fee\u6b63\u5b83\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u5b83\u3002\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u8bf4\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6297\u81ea\u79c1\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8bf4\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4fee\u8eab\u201d\u8d85\u8d8a\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u5171\u9e23\u3002\u5112\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5de5\u592b\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u4e0e\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8def\u5f84\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u5207\uff1a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e03\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n

\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\u4e0d\u5e94\u662f\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u60f3\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u672c\u6b21\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u4e0e\u672a\u7adf\u4e4b\u95ee\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/strong> \u4ee5\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8109\u7edc\u4e3a\u8f74\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7814\u8bfb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eb2\u7f18\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\uff08”The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour”\uff0c1964\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4eb2\u7f18\u5229\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08E. O. Wilson\uff09\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u300b\uff08Sociobiology<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5f02\u540c\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u82cf\u73ca\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\uff08Susan Blackmore\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8ff7\u56e0\u673a\u5668\u300b\uff08The Meme Machine<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\u6a21\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u594e\u5229\uff08David Queller\uff09\u7684\u300a\u62d3\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u955c\u300b\uff08Darwin’s Ghosts<\/em>\uff09\u4e0e\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u9053\u91d1\u65af\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u300a\u5ef6\u4f38\u8868\u73b0\u578b\u300b\uff08The Extended Phenotype<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u592f\u5b9e\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6279\u5224\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/strong> \u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u63a5\u89e6\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6027\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6279\u8bc4\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u8bba\u8457\uff08\u5982\u827e\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u57282019\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u5c42\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u7efc\u5408\uff09\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8c2c\u8bef\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u7531\u6279\u5224\u7684\u68f1\u955c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u64ad\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/strong> \u4ee5\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u4e09\u7bc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e66\u8bc4\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u672d\u8bb0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\uff1a\u2460\u57fa\u56e0\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\uff1b\u2461\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u6db5\uff1b\u2462\u6a21\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u56e0\u6f14\u5316\u201d\u6216\u4eb2\u7f18\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u89c9\u5bdf\u201d\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u4eb2\u758f\u4e4b\u5206\u2014\u2014\u4f53\u4f1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u5408\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u9002\u7528\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u800c\u975e<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u300a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u300b\uff08Richard Dawkins\uff09\u2014 \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\/\u57fa\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\/\u590d\u5236\u5668\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u6709\u540c\u540d\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3055"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3056,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055\/revisions\/3056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}