{"id":2977,"date":"2026-06-10T00:34:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T16:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=2977"},"modified":"2026-06-10T00:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T16:34:12","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e3%80%8a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%88thomas-kuhn%ef%bc%89-%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%ae%ba-%e8%8c%83%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deepbule.store\/?p=2977","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff08Thomas Kuhn\uff09\u2014 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\/\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u300a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff08Thomas Kuhn\uff09\u2014 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\/\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n
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\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 | 2026-06-10 00:34 | \ud83c\udf10 web\u515c\u5e95<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n

\u2014\u2014\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u6069 \u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u6069\uff08Thomas Samuel Kuhn\uff0c1922-1996\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e8e\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u540e\u6267\u6559\u4e8e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u8de8\u8d8a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff08The Structure of Scientific Revolutions<\/em>\uff0c1962\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u79ef\u6dc0\u800c\u6210\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7ed3\u6676\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5168\u4e66\u903b\u8f91\u8109\u7edc\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5e93\u6069\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u6301\u7eed\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u5386\u201c\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4ea4\u66ff\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u4ece\u4e8b\u201c\u89e3\u8c1c\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u8303\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u5e94\u53ef\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u671f\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u5f02\u5e38\u201d\uff08anomaly\uff09\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8be5\u8303\u5f0f\u62b1\u6709\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b97\u6559\u5f0f\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5c24\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e93\u6069\u63d0\u51fa\u8303\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u201d\uff08incommensurability\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5728\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u89e3\u201d\u3001\u4f55\u79cd\u8bc1\u636e\u5177\u6709\u6548\u529b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u201c\u903c\u8fd1\u771f\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u66f4\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u7cbe\u534e\u6458\u5f55<\/h2>\n
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\u8303\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u9898\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u5f00\uff1b\u5b83\u8fd8\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0e\u5ba1\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u67d0\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u201c\u4e0b\u843d\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u201d\uff1b\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u201c\u5f15\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u3002\u8303\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u89c6\u57df\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8303\u5f0f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u201c\u7262\u7b3c\u201d\u3002\u5e93\u6069\u6df1\u523b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u6709\u65f6\u7adf\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u65e0\u89c6\u53cd\u5e38\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u53cd\u5e38\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u80dc\u679a\u4e3e\uff1a\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u5747\u8f6e\u4e0a\u53e0\u52a0\u672c\u8f6e\uff0c\u5176\u7e41\u590d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee4\u4eba\u548b\u820c\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u80af\u653e\u5f03\u65e7\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u611a\u6627\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8303\u5f0f\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5728\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4f7f\u7136\u3002\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u653e\u5f03\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5d29\u584c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u4ece\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u65ad\u88c2<\/h3>\n

\u5e93\u6069\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u6700\u5bcc\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u89c6\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7d2f\u79ef\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u8d8a\u79ef\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u9010\u6e10\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65e5\u76ca\u63a5\u8fd1\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u7684\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u627f\u8ba4\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9884\u8bbe\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u671d\u5411\u771f\u7406\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e93\u6069\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8303\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u65e0\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fde\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u661f\u9006\u884c\u201d\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89c6\u89d2\u53d8\u6362\u540e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u201c\u71c3\u7d20\u8bf4\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4ece\u65e7\u8303\u5f0f\u5230\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5411\u771f\u7406\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8fdb\u6b65\uff1f\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u5ba1\u614e\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fdb\u6b65\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff1b\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u624d\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u6df1\u523b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u524d\u8fdb\u4e0e\u65ad\u88c2\u3001\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u3001\u6e10\u53d8\u4e0e\u5267\u53d8\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u609f<\/h2>\n

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\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u7ecf\u5386\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\u5230\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u6a21\u4eff\u8ddf\u968f\u5230\u539f\u521b\u5f15\u9886\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u575a\u5b88\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5b9a\u529b\uff08\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4e0e\u8b66\u9192\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5e93\u6069\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u65e7\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6562\u4e8e\u62e5\u62b1\u65ad\u88c2\u4e0e\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

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\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u53d8\u6613\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u3002<\/strong> \u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u4ee5\u201c\u53d8\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7686\u5904\u4e8e\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a77\u5219\u53d8\uff0c\u53d8\u5219\u901a\uff0c\u901a\u5219\u4e45\u3002\u5e93\u6069\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u8bba\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u66f4\u66ff\uff1a\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u6052\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u4ed8\u5371\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u5c1a\u201c\u53d8\u201d\u800c\u80fd\u6301\u5b88\u201c\u4e0d\u53d8\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u5e93\u6069\u5219\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u8303\u5f0f\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u62d2\u7edd\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u9759\u6001\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n

\u4e03\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n

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\n

\u4e66\u7c4d\uff1a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff08The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\uff09\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u6069 \u8457\uff0c1962\u5e74\u7531\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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